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Topic: Inheritance and Polymorphism
Codes:
Inheritance and polymorphism are fundamental concepts in Java and object-oriented programming (OOP) that help in creating a more organized and modular codebase. Let's delve into each concept to understand their uses and benefits:
Inheritance
Inheritance allows a class (known as a subclass or child class) to inherit fields and methods from another class (known as a superclass or parent class). This mechanism is key for code reusability and for establishing a hierarchical classification of classes.
Uses of Inheritance:
- Code Reusability: Inheritance promotes the reuse of existing code. You can create a class based on an existing class, inheriting its properties and behaviors while adding new features or overriding existing ones.
- Method Overriding: Subclasses can override methods of their superclasses, providing specific implementations for inherited methods.
- Hierarchical Classification: It allows for a natural and logical organization of classes in a hierarchical manner, from general to specific. This classification facilitates a better understanding and management of the code.
Example:
In this example,
Dog inherits from Animal, meaning it can use the eat method and also has its own bark method.Polymorphism
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It's about having a single interface or method that works with objects of different types. Polymorphism comes in two main types: compile-time (or static) polymorphism and runtime (or dynamic) polymorphism.
Uses of Polymorphism:
- Flexibility and Scalability: Polymorphism allows the same piece of code to work with objects of different classes. This flexibility makes it easier to add new classes that fit into an existing hierarchy without modifying the code that uses the hierarchy.
- Simplified Code: By using polymorphism, you can write more general and reusable code. For example, a single method can process objects of different classes that share a common superclass or interface.
- Method Overloading and Overriding: Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading (same method name, different parameters) within the same class. Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
Example of Runtime Polymorphism:
In this example, due to polymorphism, the
Dog class overrides the sound method of Animal, and when the sound method is called on an Animal reference pointing to a Dog object, the overridden method in Dog is executed.Together, inheritance and polymorphism enhance the flexibility, maintainability, and scalability of code by allowing for the creation of a more abstract, clear, and organized structure.
Questions:
- 动物-狗
Solutions：
1.
public class Subclass extends Superclass {
@Override
public void methodToOverride() {
// Subclass specific implementation
}
}
- 作者:现代数学启蒙
- 链接:https://www.math1234567.com/article/frq07
- 声明:本文采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议，转载请注明出处。
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